Free Water Deficit Calculator

Use our Free Water Deficit Calculator to estimate the amount of free water a patient needs to restore normal serum sodium levels. This tool is helpful for healthcare professionals managing hypernatremia in adults, children, or pediatric patients, providing quick, evidence-based calculations based on patient weight, sodium levels, and sex.

Free Water Deficit Calculator
mEq/L
mEq/L
Free Water Deficit
0.0 L

What Is Free Water Deficit?

Free Water Deficit (FWD) refers to the amount of water the body is missing due to elevated serum sodium concentrations, most commonly seen in hypernatremia. This calculator helps estimate the volume of hypotonic fluid required to correct that imbalance and safely normalize sodium levels.

 

How to Use the Free Water Deficit Calculator

This tool utilizes standard clinical formulas to assist medical professionals in determining the required fluid replacement.

 

Input Fields:

  • Sex Category: Male or Female (affects total body water estimate)
  • Age Category: Child or Adult (impacts correction factor)
  • Weight: Patient’s body weight in kilograms or pounds
  • Sodium (Na⁺): Current serum sodium in mEq/L
  • Sodium Desired: Target sodium level (typically 140 mEq/L unless otherwise advised)

 

Outputs

  • Free Water Deficit in Liters (L): The estimated volume of free water needed to correct serum sodium

 

Free Water Deficit Formula

FWD (L) = TBW × [(Na_measured / Na_desired) – 1]

  • TBW (Total Body Water) = Weight × correction factor

 

Male: 0.6 (adult), 0.6–0.7 (child)

Female: 0.5 (adult), 0.5–0.6 (child)

 

Example: For a 65kg adult female with Na⁺ = 150 mEq/L and target Na⁺ = 140:

 

TBW = 65 × 0.5 = 32.5

FWD = 32.5 × [(150 / 140) – 1] = 2.32 L

This is the volume of water required to lower sodium safely.

 

When to Use This Calculator

This tool is designed for clinicians managing:

  • Hypernatremia correction
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with elevated sodium
  • Post-operative or ICU patients
  • Pediatric dehydration
  • Free water replacement in chronic illnesses

 

Important: Always use clinical judgment to determine the rate of correction — overly rapid correction may result in cerebral edema, especially in children.

Frequently asked questions

Free water deficit refers to the volume of water that must be replaced to correct high serum sodium levels (hypernatremia) and restore fluid balance.

It’s calculated using total body water (TBW) and the ratio between measured and desired sodium:
FWD = TBW × [(Na_measured / Na_desired) – 1].

Yes, it includes options for pediatric patients, but always verify total body water percentages appropriate for the child’s age and consult pediatric guidelines.

Generally, serum sodium should not decrease more than 10–12 mEq/L in 24 hours. Slower correction is safer, especially in chronic cases.

Yes, it’s frequently used in DKA and critical care scenarios. However, always consider comorbidities and fluid balance holistically.